Nephrology is a subspecialty of internal medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases. The kidneys are the bean-shaped organs located on either side of the retroperitoneal space in the human body. Kidneys are in charge of removing waste and excess fluid from the body. They are also important for retaining fluid intake and maintaining electrolyte concentrations, which may change due to a variety of conditions or medications. Several kidney complications are systemic disorders, which means they are not limited to the organ. These conditions necessitate specialised treatment and medical attention.